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Environmental Toxicology & References

Environmental toxicology is a 40 years young field that has rapidly developed. Since1960, evolving from traditional and classical human toxicology the study toxic effects of pollutants on the environment. Environmental toxicology includes the study of sources, roads, transformation and effects of chemicals that are harmful to the environment.


The study of these adverse effects extends from individuals and populations of organisms in the ecosystem level. The early writings of toxicology refer to prehistory where various chemicals, or mixtures of chemicals have been used both tonic and poisons, with particular reference to arsenic and mercury compounds.

Historically, most of the positive applications of arsenic and mercury have been overshadowed by their 'utility' as a poison to solve various problems of personal or political.

References on Toxicity of Elements

Journal Papers
A. Carpi, The Toxicology of Mercury, National Science Foundation - Vision Learning, New York, April 5, 2001.

Leonard J. Goldwater, Mercury: A History of Quicksilver, York Press, Baltimore, MD, 1972.

Lars D. Hylander, Global Mercury Pollution and its Expected Decrease after a Mercury Trade Ban, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Vol. 125, 331-344, 2001,

Lars D. Hylander, The Rise and Fall of Mercury: Converting a Resource to Refuse After 500 Years of Mining and Pollution, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 341-36, 2005.

D. Jolley, G. O'Brien and J. Morrison, Evolution of Chemical Contaminant and Toxicology Studies, Part 1 - An OD. Jolley, G. O'Brien and J. Morrison, Evolution of Chemical Contaminant and Toxicology Studies, Part 1 - An Overview, South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, Vol 21, 1-5.

E. Ostad and G.J. Wise, Celestial bodies and urinary stones: Isaac Newton (1641–1727) – health and urological problems BJU International V. 95, No 1, 24-26, 2005.

J. Patočka, K. Černư, Inorganic Lead Toxicology,Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), V. 46, No 2, 65-72, 2003.

H A Waldron, Did the Mad Hatter have mercury poisoning? British Medical Journal Volume 287 24-31 December 1983 1961

Private Communications

Mark Marikos, personal communication

Reports
Mercury Study Report to Congress Volume V: Health Effects of Mercury and Mercury Compounds, EPA-452/R-97-007 December 1997.
Toxicological Profile for Lead (Draft for public comments), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA September 2005
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Introduction | Disciplines | Toxicants | Biochemical & Molecular Methods | Toxicology research | Environmental